This page covers tests that are often used to help diagnose and stage anal cancer.
Depending on the symptoms you have, you may also be asked to undergo other tests and investigations.
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Once the doctor is sure of an abnormality, a biopsy is done to determine further details about the type of cancer present.
An endorectal ultrasound (EUS) is used to examine the lining of the anal canal and rectum from the inside. During the procedure, your doctor will insert a thin, flexible tube into your rectum, in order to examine your anal canal and surrounding structures for any tissues that could be cancerous. You can expect some minor pain or discomfort while undergoing the procedure. It is important that you choose a doctor and clinical team that you are comfortable with to perform your procedure.
Prior to the procedure, you will need to ensure that your anal canal is empty. Any residue may obscure the view of the anal canal, rectum and surrounding areas during the exam. In order to ensure that the anal canal is empty, your doctor may ask you to
It is important that you follow the instructions given by your doctor in order to ensure a successful procedure. Be sure to inform your doctor prior to the procedure if
During an EUS
Biopsy involves the removal of a sample of cells or tissues from the anal canal for laboratory testing and is the only definitive method to diagnose anal cancer. It is a way to evaluate a suspicious area in your anal canal or rectum to determine whether it is cancerous.
Typically, biopsies will be done along with the endorectal ultrasound (EUS). It is important that you choose a doctor and clinical team that you are comfortable with to perform your procedure.
The fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is generally used for anal cancer. This is a quick, simple test in which a thin needle is used to remove tissue or fluid for examination under a microscope.
For a few days after the biopsy, your pelvic and rectal areas may feel sore and bruised. Don’t hesitate to talk to your clinical team about pain medication if you feel you might need it. The pain and bruising will generally subside in a couple of weeks. If it persists, please contact your doctor immediately.