Once the doctor is sure of an abnormality, the following tests are done to determine further details about the type of cancer present.
These tests are used to supplement blood tests such as the complete blood count (CBC) and certain tumour marker tests.
An endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is used to examine the lining of the oesophagus from the inside. During the procedure, your doctor will insert a thin, flexible tube into your mouth or rectum, in order to examine your oesophagus and surrounding structures for any tissues that could be cancerous. You can expect some minor pain or discomfort while undergoing the procedure. It is important that you choose a doctor and clinical team that you are comfortable with to perform your procedure.
Prior to the procedure, you will need to ensure that your stomach is empty. Any residue may obscure the view of the oesophagus during the exam. In order to ensure that the stomach is empty, your doctor may ask you to:
It is important that you follow the instructions given by your doctor in order to ensure a successful procedure. Be sure to inform your doctor prior to the procedure if
During an EUS
Biopsy involves the removal of a sample of oesophageal cells or tissues for laboratory testing and is the only definitive method to diagnose oesophageal cancer. It is a way to evaluate a suspicious area in your oesophagus to determine whether it is cancerous.
Typically, biopsies will be done along with the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). It is important that you choose a doctor and clinical team that you are comfortable with to perform your procedure.
The fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is generally used for oesophageal cancer. This is a quick, simple test in which a thin needle is used to remove tissue or fluid for examination under a microscope.
For a few days after the biopsy, your throat and oesophageal area may feel sore and bruised. Don’t hesitate to talk to your clinical team about pain medication if you feel you might need it. The pain and bruising will generally subside in a couple of weeks. If it persists, please contact your doctor immediately.